et al.
ریشه و کاربرد
ریشه
Derived from the Latin phrase 'et alii' meaning 'and others'.
مثال
- The research was conducted by Smith et al.
- The book was written by Johnson et al.
- The study by Lee et al. supports this theory.
ترکیبهای رایج
Research by et al Study by et al Article by et al Book by et al
تعریف انگلیسی
adverb
- and others ('et al.' is used as an abbreviation of `et alii' (masculine plural) or `et aliae' (feminine plural) or `et alia' (neuter plural) when referring to a number of people) “the data reported by Smith et al.”
- and elsewhere (used when referring to other occurrences in a text)